Explore the anatomical and physiological adaptations of the respiratory system

Explore the anatomical and physiological adaptations of the respiratory system in response to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and alveolar destruction, and elucidate the consequences for pulmonary function, gas exchange, and exercise tolerance. Additionally, analyze the role of pharmacological therapies, pulmonary rehabilitation, and supplemental oxygen therapy in managing COPD symptoms and improving quality of life for affected individuals.