Describe the process of cell signaling and signal transduction pathways

Describe the process of cell signaling and signal transduction pathways, including the different types of signaling molecules, receptors, and intracellular signaling cascades involved. How do autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and synaptic signaling mechanisms enable cells to communicate with each other and coordinate physiological responses? Furthermore, how are aberrations in cell signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases like cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders?