Describe the physiological mechanisms underlying the regulation of body fluid balance
Describe the physiological mechanisms underlying the regulation of body fluid balance and electrolyte homeostasis by the kidneys, including processes such as filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the nephron. How do glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion mechanisms in the renal tubules regulate the composition and volume of urine to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance? Additionally, how do hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) modulate renal function and regulate water reabsorption, sodium retention, and potassium excretion to adjust blood volume and osmolarity? Furthermore, how do disturbances in fluid and electrolyte balance contribute to conditions like dehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and renal dysfunction?
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